Plant & Food Research scientists compared the diversity of invertebrates in commercial apple orchards using three different pest management systems (Integrated Fruit Production with or without codling moth mating disruption and certified organic). 

All orchard types had similar assemblages of key natural enemies, suggesting that current integrated pest management systems employed on apple orchards in New Zealand have similar impacts to organic systems in this respect.

Further information

Read an abstract of this publication in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.