Unravelling the benefits of wool
Wool is an extremely versatile fibre and has been a core component of New Zealand’s agri-business since sheep were first introduced for farming in the 1840s. Since that time scientists have been quietly re‑engineering wool’s future - not by changing what wool is, but by uncovering what it can do. From innovative textiles and advanced composites to biomedical materials, these discoveries have helped broaden the value of the fibre well beyond its traditional roles.
Science has helped unlock the potential of New Zealand wool.
Research programmes over many decades have driven breakthroughs in fibre quality, processing, and product development, helping New Zealand wool compete on international markets. Furthermore, we’ve undertaken research to understand, quantify and enhance the benefits of wool in consumer products including product performance, environmental impact and even human safety and wellbeing. Research has shown that wool is readily biodegradable, has naturally fire-resistant qualities, has anti-odour properties and its products are a natural fit in a circular bioeconomy.
New Zealand scientists were especially influential in exploring new uses for strong wool — traditionally used in carpets and upholstery — opening new markets and opportunities for growers and business alike.
More recently scientists have unlocked the inner secrets and benefits of wool that help broaden the value of wool, far beyond its traditional roles. Through their knowledge of keratin, the protein that gives wool its strength, scientists have developed a product called Keratinite, a natural binder that could replace the formaldehyde-based resins in particleboards. The new product can be made from keratin-rich waste stream like feathers, animal hair or wool.
Scientists have also explored how a wool layer next to the skin responds to flame and intense heat and the evidence in one study showed that wool garments can lessen the severity of burn injuries compared to standard issue base layers currently offered to armed forces and emergency service personnel.